Fort LeBoeuf School District – Second Grade Curriculum

READING

1. Course Outcome: The student will be able to learn to read independently.
   1. The student will identify the types of various texts (e.g., literary, informational).
   2. The student will preview text formats to identify title, author, chapters, and table of contents.
   3. The student will use knowledge of structural features of spoken and written language and use word, analysis, picture and context clues to decode and understand words.

                                                               i.      The student will read multi-syllable words and high frequency sight words.

                                                             ii.      The student will use initial, medial, and final sounds to decode unknown words.

                                                            iii.      The student will use knowledge of letter-to-sound correspondence and familiar spelling patterns to read unknown words.

                                                          iv.      The student will read compound words, contractions, possessives, and words with inflectional endings.

                                                           v.      The student will categorize words based on sound/symbol representations and syllable configuration.

                                                          vi.      The student will use the knowledge of advanced letter; sound correspondence and word structure to decode words.

                                                        vii.      The student will use segment and blend phonetic elements to decode unknown words (e.g., special vowel spellings, word endings, diphthongs).

                                                       viii.      The student will produce speech sounds that correspond to written letter combinations for advanced phonetic elements (e.g., vowel combinations and diphthongs).

                                                           ix.      The student will produce a series of rhyming words including words with blends.

                                                            x.      The student will produce the sounds that correspond to frequently used vowel diphthongs and digraphs.

                                                           xi.      The student will use syllabication to read multi-syllabic words.

                                                         xii.      The student will use phonetic elements to decode and encode unfamiliar words.

4. The student will read text using self-monitoring comprehension strategies (e.g., predict, revise predictions, self-question, reread and clarify fo meaning).

                                                               i.      The student will use text to monitor and revise predictions as needed.

                                                             ii.      The student will reread and self-correct comprehension errors.

5. The student will acquire a reading vocabulary by identifying and correctly using words (e.g., high-frequency words, synonyms, antonyms, categories of words) and use a dictionary when appropriate.
6. The student will understand the meaning of and use correctly  new vocabulary learned in various subject areas.
7. The student will explain the differences between fiction and nonfiction text.

                                                               i.      The student will retell or summarize major ideas, sequence and themes of text.

                                                             ii.      The student will describe the major ideas and theme of a story.

                                                            iii.      The student will connect the new information in text to known information.

                                                          iv.      The student will answer and construct text-based questions to clarify understanding through discussion.

                                                           v.      The student will reread passages to clarify ideas.

                                                          vi.      The student will support answers and conclusions by citing key words from the text as evidence.

8. The student will demonstrate fluency in reading and answer questions based on material read.

                                                               i.      The student will read familiar passages aloud.

                                                             ii.      The student will self-correct mistakes from selected text.

                                                            iii.      The student will use appropriate rhythm and pronunciation when reading.

                                                          iv.      The student will read a variety of genres.

                                                           v.      The student will demonstrate comprehension through paraphrasing, answering, and forming questions.

                                                          vi.      The student will apply information and connections from reading.

2. The student will be able to read critically in all context areas.
   1. The student will read and understand essential content of informational texts.

                                                               i.      The student will identify facts and opinions within text.

                                                             ii.      The student will identify essential and nonessential information in a text.

                                                            iii.      The student will make inferences and draw conclusions from a variety of reading materials.

                                                          iv.      The student will describe the organizational structures of text and indicate significance to information.

2. The student will identify and use a variety of media to gain information and evaluate quality of information gained.

                                                               i.      The student will use electronic media to develop illustrations and text-based stories based on subject content.

                                                             ii.      The student will access appropriate type of media for specific task.

                                                            iii.      The student will identify an discuss techniques in television programs and discuss and evaluate facts and misleading information.

                                                          iv.      The student will assess the quality of different types of media projects.

3. The student will produce work in one form of genre (e.g., biographies, poems, tales, mysteries, fables) and use identified conventions of the genre.

3. The student will be able to read, analyze and interpret literature.
   1. The student will read and discuss similarities and differences in a variety of works of literature.
   2. The student will identify literary elements in stories including characters, setting, and plot.
   3. The student will identify literary devices in stories (e.g., rhyme, rhythm, repetition and patterns).
   4. The student will recognize the structures in poetry (e.g., pattern books, predictable books, nursery rhymes).
   5. The student will recognize the structures in drama including story, acts, scenes.
   6. The student will read and comprehend both nonfiction and fiction.

MATH

1. The student will demonstrate an understanding of numbers, number systems, and number relationships.
   1. Identify and write names for numbers to 18
   2. Model, identify, write, compare and order numbers to 1,000
   3. Skip count by twos, threes, fours, fives and tens
   4. Recognize even, odd and ordinal numbers
   5. Identify coins; determine the value of a set of coins; compare sets of coins; and determine equivalent sets of coins
   6. Identify, model and write fractions as parts of a region or group

2. The student will demonstrate computation and estimation skills.
   1. Use addition strategies to find sums through 18; add 3 numbers
   2. Use subtraction strategies to subtract from 18 or less
   3. Estimate sums of two digit numbers
   4. Add two digit numbers with and without regrouping
   5. Subtract two digit numbers with and without regrouping
   6. Add and subtract money
   7. Add and subtract three digit numbers with and without regrouping

3. The student will demonstrate skills in measurement and estimation.
   1. Estimate using money; make change
   2. Tell and write time to the hour, half-hour, quarter hour and 5 minute intervals
   3. Estimate time; determine elapsed time
   4. Use a calendar
   5. Estimate, measure and compare length, weight, temperature and capacity using customary units

4. The student will demonstrate skills in mathematical reasoning and connections.
   1. Make, check, and verify predictions about the quantity, size and shape of objects and groups of objects

5. The student will demonstrate mathematical problem solving and communication skills.
   1. Select and use and appropriate method, materials and strategy to solve problems, including mental mathematics, paper and pencil, and concrete objects
   2. Apply problem solving strategies to solve problems

6. The student will demonstrate skills in statistics and data analysis.
   1. Gather, organize and display data using pictures, tallies, charts, bar graphs and pictographs
   2. Formulate and answer questions based on data shown on graphs

7. The student will demonstrate skills in probability and predictions.
   1. Predict the outcome of a simple experiment

8. The student will demonstrate skills in algebra.
   1. Use concrete objects and symbols to model the concepts of variables, expressions, equations and inequalities
   2. Substitute a missing addend in a number sentence
   3. Recognize, describe, extend, create and replicate a variety of patterns including attribute, activity, number and geometric patterns

9. The student will demonstrate geometry skills.
   1. Identify, analyze and compare two and three dimensional figures
   2. Build geometric shapes using concrete objects
   3. Draw two dimensional geometric shapes and construct rectangles, squares and triangles on the geoboard and on graph paper satisfying specific criteria
   4. Find and describe geometric figures in real life
   5. Identify and draw lines of symmetry in geometric figures

10. The student will demonstrate concepts of calculus.
    1. Identify least and greatest values represented in bar graphs and pictographs
    2. Continue a pattern of numbers or objects that could be extended infinitely

SPELLING

1. The student will be able to master frequently misspelled words.
   1. The student will master priority words at grade level.
   2. The student will spell core words at grade level.
   3. The student will use proofreading skills to identify and correct commonly misspelled priority and core words in context.
   4. The student will make use of spelling strategies to spell commonly misspelled priority and core words.
   5. The student will recognize homophones and select the correct spelling of homophones.

TECHNOLOGY

1. The student will be able to demonstrate basic computer skills.
   1. Demonstrate an awareness of the difference between log off and shutdown
   2. Log on and off computer with ID memorized
   3. Verbally identify all computer parts: keyboard, monitor, screen, mouse, mouse pad, computer tower (CPU), volume control
   4. Locate and save files on student H: drive
   5. Retrieve documents from student H: drive

2. The student will be able to demonstrate word processing skills.
   1. Locate and use punctuation keys (capital, shift keys, spacebar, enter, backspace, delete, tab)
   2. Type, edit and print simple sentences
   3. Change size, font and color of text
   4. Align text – center, left
   5. Highlight text to edit
   6. Spacebar once between words
   7. Spacebar twice between sentences
   8. Backspace/delete to edit incorrect letters in a body of text
   9. Insert words into sentences and letters into words
   10. Use graphics in a document

                                                               i.      Insert graphics

                                                             ii.      Move graphics

                                                            iii.      Resize graphics

3. The student will be able to demonstrate Internet skills.
   1. Access specific curriculum links
   2. Use bookmarked sites

4. The student will be able to demonstrate PowerPoint skills.
   1. Insert slide
   2. Insert text and graphics
   3. Use a layout
   4. Uses design template

SCIENCE

1. The student will investigate and explore animals of long ago.
   1. The student will be able to identify ways to learn about dinosaurs (books, Internet, museums, paleontologists, etc.).
   2. The student will be able to distinguish between meat-eaters and plant eaters.
   3. The student will be able to classify animals of long ago according to their time periods: Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous.
   4. The student will be able to distinguish between endangered, extinct, and living organisms.
   5. The student will be able to identify how fossils were formed.
   6. The student will be able to determine what characteristics can be identified by fossils.

2. The student will develop and understanding of physical matter in the world.
   1. The student will be able to compare the sizes, shapes, and colors of different objects.
   2. The student will know that all objects take up space and have weight.
   3. The student will be able to classify objects as solids, liquids or gases.
   4. The student will be able to explain that some matter can change from one form to another.
   5. The student will be able to identify examples of water in the form of solid, liquid and gas on or near the surface of the earth.
   6. The student will know that approximately three-fourths of the earth is covered by fresh and salt bodies of water.
   7. The student will be able to explain and illustrate evaporation, condensation and precipitation.

3. The student will develop an understanding of basic energy types, sources and conversions.
   1. The student will conclude that it is impossible to see things without light.
   2. The student will be able to recognize that light can produce heat and color.
   3. The student will be able to classify material absorption as transparent, translucent, or opaque.
   4. The student will be able to recognize that we can change light’s direction using reflection or refraction.

4. The student will describe the composition and structure of the universe and earth’s place in it.
   1. The student will be able to identify the sun as a star and its relationship to the nine planets.
   2. The student will recognize the earth’s place in the solar system.
   3. The student will be able to identify the planets in our solar system and their general characteristics.
   4. The student will be able to explain how the earth rotating on its axis causes day/night.
   5. The student will be able to explain how the earth’s tilt and orbit around the sun causes seasonal changes.
   6. The student will be able to describe major lunar phases and use them to explain time.

5. The student will be able to observe and describe different types of force and motion.
   1. The student will observe that an invisible force must be applied to set an object in motion (push or pull).
   2. The student will recognize an object not in motion is at rest.
   3. The student will observe that a force can change an object’s speed or direction.
   4. The student will identify gravity as an example of a pulling force.
   5. The student will recognize simple machines used to exert a force.

6. The student will develop an understanding of sound and how it is formed.
   1. The student will be able to explain that sound is made from vibrations and travels in waves.
   2. The student will determine how vocal sounds are produced in people.
   3. The student will determine how sounds are heard.
   4. The student will identify characteristics of sound such as pitch, volume and echoes.

7. The student will develop an understanding of ecosystems and environmental conditions.
   1. The student will identify how ecosystems change over time.
   2. The student will know that adaptations are important for survival.
   3. The student will define and understand extinction.
   4. The student will know that environmental conditions influence where and how people live.
   5. The student will explain how human activities may change the environment.
   6. The student will know that there are laws and regulations for the environment (examples: pollution, hunting littering).

SOCIAL STUDIES

1. The student will develop a basic understanding of civics and government.
   1. The student will be able to explain the term government and discuss its role at the community, state and federal level.
   2. The student will identify rules/laws in our school and community and explain why they are important.
   3. The student will be able to describe the principles and ideals shaping government including justice, leadership, citizenship, respect/responsibility/truth, patriotism and common good.
   4. The student will be introduced to the PA Constitution and our charter in 1681.
   5. The student will e able to identify the two major documents of the US government including the Declaration of Independence and Constitution of the US.
   6. The student will be able to recite the Pledge of Allegiance and understand its symbolism.
   7. The student will expand their understanding of symbols and political holidays including PA Charter Day, Liberty Bell, Keystone State, Presidents’ Day, Statue of Liberty and the White House.
   8. The student will identify portions of famous speeches and writings that reflect the basic principles and ideals of government.
   9. The student will identify elected representative bodies responsible for making local, PA and US laws including President, Vice-President, Governor and Mayor.
   10. The student will be introduced to an election and voting process.
   11. The student will expand their knowledge of needs and wants to include rights and responsibilities.
   12. The student will explain how state government services are paid for through taxes on sales and income, fees for parks and roads, and licenses.

2. The student will develop an understanding of basic economic systems.
   1. The student will describe how communities with limited resources make choices.
   2. The student will compare benefits vs. costs when making decisions on spending for needs and wants.
   3. The student will observe employment and output of local businesses that affect the community.
   4. The student will be able to identify goods and services.
   5. The student will be able to identify consumers and producers.
   6. The student will distinguish methods of payment used over time (barter and money).
   7. The student will be introduced to the concept of tax for goods and services.
   8. The student will observe various types of money used in different countries.
   9. The student will develop an understanding of scarcity and limited resources using concrete classroom objects.
   10. The student will compare and contrast wants of classmates.
   11. The student will identify human resources found in our community.
   12. The student will be able to explain what is given up when making a choice.
   13. The student will be able to explain why people work to earn goods and services.
   14. The student will develop an understanding of the term entrepreneurship.
   15. The student will distinguish between checking and savings accounts.
   16. The student will explain what happens to money once it is deposited in the bank.

3. The student will develop basic geography literacy.
   1. The student will be able to recognize and use map symbols and map keys for information.
   2. The students will be able to identify and locate the following places and regions: oceans and continents, countries, US and neighboring countries, PA and neighboring states, Erie, Harrisburg and Washington D.C..
   3. The student will identify various landforms and bodies of waters.
   4. The student will identify natural and human-made features on the Earth.
   5. The student will identify the human characteristics of Argentina by their population, geographical characteristics, cultural characteristics, settlement choices, economic activities and political activities.

4. The student will explore and analyze Pennsylvania, United States and World History.
   1. The student will understand calendar, time, time lines and time and place of events as they relate to history.
   2. The student will be exposed to historical sources such as historical maps, tables and authors.
   3. The student will analyze the fundaments of historical interpretation (differences between fact and opinion, existence of multiple points of view, causes and results).
   4. The student will explore historical research (events, facts, folklore, fiction, historical questions and conclusions).
   5. The student will identify historic sites and artifacts important to PA, US and World history.
   6. The student will know and identify the official commonwealth symbols including state tree, bird, flower and animal.
   7. The student will identify and describe how continuity and change have influenced PA history ( belief systems and religions from early settlers on ).
   8. The student will be exposed to conflict and cooperation among social groups and organizations in school, community and PA history.
   9. The student will identify important changes in US history from the colonial period to the Revolutionary War period.
   10. The student will identify contributions of King James and the English to world history.
   11. The student will compare similarities and differences between England and the United States from the past to life today.
   12. The student will identify how conflict and cooperation among England and the United States affected world history.

HANDWRITING

1. The student will refine the qualities of the upper and lower case manuscript letters.
   1. The student will use correct form of manuscript letters; direction of strokes, size, spacing, alignment and line quality.
   2. The student will be able to successfully execute letters, words and sentences in daily work.

2. The student will be able to demonstrate proper pencil grip and paper position.
   1. The student will be able to grip the pencil correctly.
   2. The student will be able to position the paper correctly.

3. The student will learn the qualities of cursive handwriting.
   1. The student will use correct qualities of cursive writing: form, size, slant, spacing, alignment, and line quality.
   2. The student will successfully execute letters, words and sentences in daily work.

SPANISH

1. The students will recognize and recite the following vocabulary words: hola (hello), adios (good-bye), si (yes), no (no), por favor (please), gracias (thank you).
2. The students will be able to recognize and recite the days of the week and months of the year.
3. The students will be able to recognize and recite numbers to 31.